Qiyas Islam Definition

In islamic jurisprudence qiyās arabic.

Qiyas islam definition. With the qurʾān the sunnah and ijmāʿ scholarly consensus it constitutes the four sources of islamic jurisprudence uṣūl al fiqh. Qiyas provided classical muslim jurists with a method of deducing laws on matters not explicitly covered by the quran or sunnah without relying on unsystematic opinion ray or hawa. Qiyaas is a process whereby a clear ruling of the permissibility or impermissibility of an act or thing is applied to an issue closest related to it. Judgment of an act or belief by application of established principles governing some analogous act or belief.

The quran forbids selling or buying of goods after the last call for friday prayers until the end of the prayer as stated in surah al jumuah 62 9. Qiyas is a form of personal reasoning ijtihad which the prophet saw expressly validates in the famous hadith of muaz bin jabal when he was sent to yemen. Qiyas is used in islamic law to deal with new situations as they arise. Because alcohol and narcotics are both intoxicating one may use qiyas to determine that islamic law forbids narcotics as well.

For example the quran forbids the use of alcohol but does not mention narcotics. Here the ruling of the sunnah and the qur an may be used as a means to solve or provide a response to a new problem that may arise. قياس is the process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the qur an in order to apply a known injunction nass to a new circumstance and create a new injunction. According to this method the ruling of the quran or sunnah may be extended to a new problem provided that the precedent asl and the new problem far share the same operative or effective cause illa.

In islamic law the deduction of legal prescriptions from the quran or sunnah by analogic reasoning. Qiyaas is a term used when determining the root cause of the process to do ijtehaad. An arabic term for analogy. The principle of analogy applied in the interpretation of points of islamic law not clearly covered in the koran or sunna.

قیاس or analogy is a term in usul al fiqh principles of islamic jurisprudence which means the application of the jurisprudential ruling of an issue to another analogous issue on which there is no ruling in religious texts. In islamic jurisprudence qiyās is the process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the qur an in order to apply a known injunction to a new circumstance and create a new injunction. Analogical inference or deduction.